The search for effective weight loss solutions has led to some groundbreaking discoveries. One of such breakthroughs is GLP-1, a hormone injectable medication that’s been making waves in the world of weight management and beyond.
Let’s dive into what it is, how it works, and why it’s becoming such a popular option for weight loss in Australia.
What is GLP-1?
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone used for obesity and diabetes treatment. 6
GLP-1 is naturally produced in the gut after meals to stimulate insulin production involved in lowering blood sugar (glucose).6
Moreover, when administered in higher doses, GLP-1 interacts with areas of the brain responsible for appetite suppression and promoting feelings of fullness.This effect can lead to significant weight loss in individuals who are obese or overweight, especially when combined with diet and exercise.1
While not a cure for obesity, it is considered an effective tool for weight loss, particularly when combined with lifestyle changes.1
How GLP-1 Works
The GLP-1 hormone interacts with your brain to:1
- Suppress appetite: Making you feel less hungry.
- Increase feelings of fullness: Helping you feel satisfied with smaller meals.
- Slow gastric emptying: Food stays in your stomach longer, further contributing to feeling full.
Why is GLP-1 Popular for Weight Loss?
GLP-1 has gained popularity for weight loss due to a combination of factors, including its effectiveness in clinical trials,1 its approval for weight management,2 and the increased demand for effective weight loss solution1, as explained below:
Real-World Effectiveness: While clinical trials offer controlled insights, it’s reassuring to know that real-world data supports GLP-1’s efficacy.3 Studies conducted in regular clinical settings have demonstrated significant weight loss in patients using GLP-1, mirroring the positive outcomes observed in trials.3
GLP-1’s approval for weight loss has further boosted its recognition and use.2 Its use receivedFDA approval for chronic weight management in the significant portion of American adults (70%) grappling with obesity or being overweight.2
GLP-1 addresses a crucial need for more effective weight loss tools: Traditional methods, primarily focused on diet and exercise, often prove challenging for individuals to maintain long-term. GLP-1 provides a valuable addition to the existing weight management options, as it targets the biological mechanisms behind appetite and satiety.1
However, it’s important to remember that GLP-1is not a miracle cure and is most effective when combined with lifestyle modifications. While it offers a promising avenue for weight loss, it’s essential to consult your Aussie-based healthcare professional to determine suitability and discuss potential side effects.
How Effective is GLP-1 for Weight Loss in Non-Diabetics?
GLP-1 has shown substantial effectiveness in promoting weight loss in non-diabetic individuals when used alongside lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise.1
A landmark study1, involved 2,000 obese adults, some of whom received GLP-1 in addition to diet and exercise while others only implemented lifestyle changes. Half of the GLP-1 group lost 15% of their body weight after 68 weeks, and nearly a third shed 20%.
This stands in stark contrast to the group who only modified their lifestyle, achieving a modest 2.4% weight loss. Several other studies have corroborated these findings,3 solidifying GLP-1’s position as a potent weight management tool.
GLP-1 is not a standalone solution but works best when integrated into a comprehensive strategy that includes healthy eating and regular physical activity. This is because it primarily addresses the biological factors influencing appetite and satiety, making it easier for individuals to adopt and sustain healthier habits.1
It’s important to note that individuals tend to regain weight if they stop taking GLP-1. This underscores the chronic nature of obesity and the importance of continued management strategies to maintain weight loss achievements.1
Before considering GLP-1 for weight loss, consider consultation with your doctor or nurse practitioner in Australia.
Side Effects of GLP-1 Injections
While we’ve highlighted the effectiveness of GLP-1 for weight loss, it’s equally important to understand its potential side effects. Side effects are generally mild, particularly compared to the health risks associated with obesity.4 However, they can still occur and vary in severity.
Some of the side effects associated with GLP-1 injections include:
Gastrointestinal Issues: The most frequently reported side effects involve the gastrointestinal system.4 These include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Constipation
- Stomach pain
- Gassiness
- Bloating
- Acid reflux
These gastrointestinal side effects are often more pronounced when starting GLP-1 and tend to diminish over time. To mitigate these effects, a gradual dose increase is often recommended, allowing the body to adjust to the medication.4
Other Common Side Effects:4
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Loss of appetite
- Taste change
- Dry mouth
Serious Side Effects: While less common, some individuals may experience more severe side effects, requiring immediate medical attention.4 These include:
- Allergic reactions: These can manifest as skin rash, itching, hives, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
- Gallbladder problems: Severe stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever could indicate gallbladder issues.
- Pancreatitis: This serious condition may present as severe stomach pain radiating to the back, worsening after eating, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
- Kidney injury: A decrease in urine output, along with swelling in the ankles, hands, or feet, might signal kidney problems.
- Vision changes: Any sudden or concerning alterations in vision should be reported immediately.
- Thyroid cancer: A new lump or mass in the neck, difficulty swallowing, pain while swallowing, hoarseness, or breathing problems could be signs of thyroid cancer.
- Worsening mental health: Changes in mood, including new or worsening depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts or actions, unusual or disturbing thoughts, or memory loss, require immediate attention from a healthcare professional.
- Heart palpitations: A rapid, pounding, or irregular heartbeat should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
- Dehydration: Symptoms like increased thirst, dry mouth, feeling faint or lightheaded, headache, or dark yellow or brown urine suggest dehydration, especially in combination with severe diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, or excessive sweating.
It’s essential to emphasise that not everyone experiences these side effects, and their severity can differ significantly.4
If you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant, using GLP-1 for weight loss during pregnancy is not advised.
If you are considering GLP-1, a thorough discussion with your certified Australian-based healthcare provider is necessary.
What Should I Watch For While Using This Medication?
To ensure a safe and effective experience while using GLP-1, it’s important to monitor your body closely and communicate any concerns with your healthcare provider. Let’s explore some key actions to take while using this medication:
- Regular Checkups: Make sure to schedule and attend regular appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your progress and discuss any concerns. While GLP-1 can be effective, it’s not an instant fix, and it may take some time to see noticeable results.5
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids is crucial while on GLP-1, especially if you experience gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhoea, nausea, or vomiting.4 These can lead to dehydration, which can be dangerous when coupled with GLP-1 use.5
- Blood Sugar Levels: If you have diabetes, be aware that GLP-1 can affect your blood sugar levels.1 Closely monitor your levels and talk to your healthcare provider about whether you need any adjustments to your diet or diabetes medications.
- Mental Health Changes: Pay close attention to your mental well-being and be vigilant for any shifts in your mood or behavior.4 If you experience new or worsening depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, unusual thoughts, emotional eating, or memory problems, contact your healthcare team immediately.
- Signs of Potential Complications: While generally rare, GLP-1 can, in some cases, lead to serious complications.4 Be alert for the following signs and seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of them:
- Allergic reactions: These can involve skin rashes, itching, hives, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
- Gallbladder issues: Severe stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever may signal gallbladder problems.
- Pancreatitis: This serious condition can cause severe stomach pain that spreads to the back, intensifies after eating, and is accompanied by fever, nausea, and vomiting.
- Kidney problems: Reduced urine output, along with swelling in the ankles, hands, or feet, could point to kidney issues.
- Vision changes: Report any sudden or worrisome changes in your vision to your healthcare provider.
- Thyroid cancer: New lumps or masses in the neck, pain or difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, or breathing difficulties might indicate thyroid cancer.
- Heart palpitations: If you experience a rapid, irregular, or pounding heartbeat, seek medical advice.
- Dehydration: Be especially mindful of dehydration if you experience severe diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, or excessive sweating. Look out for increased thirst, dry mouth, lightheadedness, headache, or dark urine.
Remember: It’s vital to have an open communication with your qualified doctor or nurse practitioner throughout your experience with GLP-1.They can provide personalised guidance, address your concerns, and help you manage any side effects.
Who Should and Should Not Take GLP-1 for Weight Loss?
Here’s a breakdown of individuals who might benefit from GLP-1 for weight loss and those for whom it may not be suitable.
Who SHOULD consider GLP-1 for weight loss:
- Individuals with a BMI of 30 kg/m² or greater: A BMI of 30 or higher generally falls within the “obese” category.2
- Individuals with a BMI of 27 kg/m² or greater AND at least one weight-related health condition: This includes conditions like high blood pressure (hypertension), type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol (dyslipidemia), or obstructive sleep apnea. This recommendation stems from the understanding that weight loss can significantly improve these conditions in individuals who are overweight or obese.2
- Individuals who have struggled with traditional weight loss methods: As discussed in our previous conversations, GLP-1 can be particularly helpful for those who find it challenging to lose weight or maintain weight loss through diet and exercise alone.2 By acting on appetite regulation in the brain, GLP-1 can make it easier to stick to a healthy lifestyle.
Who should NOT take GLP-1 for weight loss:
- Individuals with a history of medullary thyroid cancer.4
- Individuals with a history of gallbladder disease: This includes conditions like gallstones or cholecystitis.4 GLP-1 can increase the risk of gallbladder problems, particularly in those with a pre-existing history.4
- Individuals with a history of pancreatitis: GLP-1 can potentially lead to pancreatitis, and those with a prior history of this condition are at an increased risk.4
- Individuals with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2): This rare hereditary disorder affects the endocrine glands and is listed as a contraindication for GLP-1.4
- Pregnant women: It is advised against using GLP-1 for weight loss during pregnancy, as losing weight during this time is not recommended and could potentially harm the developing fetus.4
Important Considerations
Although GLP-1 shows effective weight loss and diabetes management benefits, it remains vital to approach its use with the following realistic expectations and careful considerations:
- GLP-1 is not a quick fix or a magic bullet: While it can be a powerful tool for weight loss, it’s most effective when combined with sustainable lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular physical activity.1,2
- Weight regain is likely if GLP-1 is stopped: Obesity is a chronic condition that often requires ongoing management.1 If GLP-1 is discontinued without other strategies in place, weight regain is common.1
- Cost and access: It’s important to be aware that GLP-1 can be expensive, and insurance coverage may vary.1 The increasing demand for GLP-1, driven by its effectiveness, has also led to shortages in some areas, particularly for those who need it for diabetes management.1
- Importance of a holistic approach when losing weight: GLP-1 is most effective when integrated into a comprehensive weight management plan, which includes: adopting a healthier diet and engaging in regular physical activity for long-term success (lifestyle modifications), and addressing the psychological and behavioural aspects of weight management to further enhance outcomes (behavioural therapy).1
- A healthcare provider should be consulted before starting GLP-1: They can assess your individual health history, determine if GLP-1 is appropriate, discuss potential risks and benefits, and rule out any contraindications. This is particularly important if you have any existing medical conditions or take other medications.1
Wrapping It Up!
GLP-1 can help people lose weight and improve their health. However, it’s important to use it as part of a comprehensive weight management plan that embraces a health-first approach.
Ready to start your weight loss journey today? Connect with a qualified Aussie-based healthcare professional to discuss your weight loss goals and see if GLP-1 is right for you.
Disclaimer:
This information is for general knowledge and should not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalised guidance regarding GLP-1 and your weight loss journey.
References
- UCLA Health. Semaglutide for weight loss: What you need to know. https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/semaglutide-weight-loss-what-you-need-know. Accessed September 23, 2024.
- Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183. Accessed September 23, 2024.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information. Semaglutide: A Comprehensive Review of Its Efficacy and Safety. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9486455/. Accessed September 23, 2024.
- Cleveland Clinic. Semaglutide Injection for Weight Management: Benefits and Side Effects. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/23611-semaglutide-injection-weight-management. Accessed September 23, 2024.
- University of Queensland Public Health. Considering Taking Weight Loss Drug Ozempic? Here Are Some Potential Risks and Benefits. https://public-health.uq.edu.au/article/2024/04/considering-taking-weight-loss-drug-ozempic-here-are-some-potential-risks-and-benefits. Accessed September 23, 2024.
- Pub Med. The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928588/ Accessed September 23, 2024.
